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''SCUM Manifesto'' is a radical feminist manifesto by Valerie Solanas, published in 1967.〔Penner, James, ''Pinks, Pansies, and Punks: The Rhetoric of Masculinity in American Literary Culture'' (Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana Univ. Press, 2011 (ISBN 978-0-253-22251-0)), p. 232 (author asst. prof. Eng., Univ. of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras).〕〔Jansen, Sharon L., ''Reading Women's Worlds from Christine de Pizan to Doris Lessing: A Guide to Six Centuries of Women Writers Imagining Rooms of Their Own'' (N.Y.: Palgrave Macmillan, 1st ed. Apr., 2011 (ISBN 978-0-230-11066-3)), pp. 137 & 134 and see pp. 6, 129–160 (ch. 6, esp. pp. 131–135, 137–142, 145–148, & 150–160), 208, & 218 (author a teacher).〕 It argues that men have ruined the world, and that it is up to women to fix it. To achieve this goal, it suggests the formation of SCUM, an organization dedicated to overthrowing society and eliminating the male sex. The ''Manifesto'' is widely regarded as satirical, but based on legitimate philosophical and social concerns.〔 It has been reprinted at least 10 times in English, translated into 13 languages, and excerpted several times. The term "SCUM" appeared on the cover of the first edition from Olympia Press as "S.C.U.M." and was said to stand for "Society for Cutting Up Men".〔Jansen, Sharon L., ''Reading Women's Worlds from Christine de Pizan to Doris Lessing'', ''op. cit.'', pp. 159–160.〕 Solanas objected, insisting that it was not an acronym, although the expanded term appeared in a ''Village Voice'' ad she had written in 1967. Solanas held a series of recruitment meetings for SCUM at the Hotel Chelsea where she lived, but a decade later insisted that the organization was "just a literary device" and never really existed. The ''Manifesto'' was little-known until Solanas attempted to kill Andy Warhol in 1968. This event brought significant public attention to the ''Manifesto'' and Solanas herself. While some feminists defended Solanas and considered the ''Manifesto'' a valid criticism of the patriarchal order, others, such as Betty Friedan, considered Solanas's views to be too radical and polarizing. Although Solanas's motives for shooting Warhol remain unclear, the ''Manifesto'' is still frequently associated with this event. == Publication history == Solanas wrote ''SCUM Manifesto'' between 1965 and 1967. In 1967, she self-published the first edition by making two thousand mimeographed copies and selling them on the streets of Greenwich Village in New York City.〔Winkiel, Laura, ''The "Sweet Assassin" and the Performative Politics of ''SCUM Manifesto, in Smith, Patricia Juliana, ed., ''The Queer Sixties'' (N.Y.: Routledge, 1999 (ISBN 0-415-92169-4)), p. () (author, PhD from English department, University of Notre Dame, was research fellow, Center for the Humanities, Wesleyan University).〕〔Castro, Ginette, trans. Elizabeth Loverde-Bagwell, ''American Feminism: A Contemporary History'' (N.Y.: N.Y. Univ. Press, 1990 (ISBN 0-8147-1448-X)), p. 264 (''Chronology'') (trans. from ''Radioscopie du féminisme américain'' (Paris, France: Presses de la Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques, 1984) (French)) (author prof. Eng. lang. & culture, Univ. of Bordeaux III, France).〕 Solanas charged women one dollar and men two dollars each.〔Rich, B. Ruby, ''Manifesto Destiny: Drawing a Bead on Valerie Solanas'', in ''Voice Literary Supplement'', vol. (?) 119, October, 1993, p. 16, in ''The Village Voice'' (New York, N.Y.), vol. 38, issue 41, October 12, 1993 (review of Solanas, Valerie, ''SCUM Manifesto'' (London Press, paper)).〕〔Marmorstein, Robert, ''A Winter Memory Of Valerie Solanis'' (''sic''), ''op. cit.'', p. 10, col. 4.〕〔Jansen, Sharon L., ''Reading Women's Worlds from Christine de Pizan to Doris Lessing'', ''op. cit.'', p. 139 and see p. 146.〕 By the following spring, about 400 copies had been sold.〔Rich, B. Ruby, ''Manifesto Destiny'', ''op. cit.'', p. 16 (400 and by Spring).〕〔Marmorstein, Robert, ''A Winter Memory Of Valerie Solanis'' (''sic''), ''op. cit.'', p. 10, col. 4 ("about 400").〕 Solanas signed a publishing contract with Maurice Girodias in August 1967 for a novel and asked him to accept the ''SCUM Manifesto'' in its place later that year.〔 The first commercial edition of the ''Manifesto'' was published by Olympia Press in New York in 1968. It includes a preface by Maurice Girodias and an essay titled "Wonder Waif Meets Super Neuter" by Paul Krassner. According to Jansen, there are subtle differences between the 1968 Olympia Press edition and Solanas' original mimeographed version.〔Jansen, Sharon L., ''Reading Women's Worlds from Christine de Pizan to Doris Lessing'', ''op. cit.'', pp. 140–142.〕 In an interview with ''The Village Voice'', Solanas commented on the Olympia Press edition, complaining that "''none'' of the corrections ... () wanted made were included and that many other changes in wording were made—all for the worse—and that there were many 'typographical errors': words and even extended parts of sentences left out, rendering the passages they should've been in incoherent."〔''Valerie Solanas Replies'', in Smith, Howard, & Brian Van der Horst, ''Scenes'', in ''The Village Voice'', vol. XXII, no. 31, Aug. 1, 1977, p. 29, cols. 1–2 (emphasis so in original).〕 In 1977, Solanas self-published a "correct" edition which was closer to the original version and included an introduction written by her.〔Jansen, Sharon L., ''Reading Women's Worlds from Christine de Pizan to Doris Lessing'', ''op. cit.'', pp. 140–142 ("CORRECT" in capitals).〕 The ''SCUM Manifesto'' has been reprinted at least 10 times in English and translated into Croatian, Czech, Finnish, French, German, Hebrew, Italian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish, Portuguese, Dutch,〔Jansen, Sharon L., ''Reading Women's Worlds from Christine de Pizan to Doris Lessing'', ''op. cit.'', p. 156.〕 and Danish. It has also been excerpted in several feminist anthologies,〔Hewitt, Nancy A., ''Solanas, Valerie.'', in Ware, Susan, ed., & Stacy Lorraine Braukman, asst. ed., ''Notable American Women: A Biographical Dictionary Completing the Twentieth Century'' (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press (Harvard Univ. Press), 2004 (ISBN 0-674-01488-X)), p. 603.〕 including ''Sisterhood is Powerful: An Anthology of Writings From The Women's Liberation Movement'' (1970), a collection of radical feminist writing edited by Robin Morgan.〔Morgan, Robin, ed., ''Sisterhood Is Powerful: An Anthology of Writings From the Women's Liberation Movement'' (N.Y.: Random House, 1st ed. 1970), pp. 514–519. See also Rich, B. Ruby, ''Manifesto Destiny'', ''op. cit.'', p. 17.〕〔Heller, Dana, ''Shooting Solanas: Radical Feminist History and the Technology of Failure'', in Hesford, Victoria, & Lisa Diedrich, eds., ''Feminist Time against Nation Time: Gender, Politics, and the Nation-State in an Age of Permanent War'' (Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books, 2008 (ISBN 978-0-7391-1123-9)), p. 165 n. 28 and see pp. 15–16 & nn. 49–50 (author prof. Eng. & dir. Humanities Institute & Grad. Pgm., Old Dominion Univ.), citing, at p. 165 n. 28, as excerpting ''SCUM Manifesto'' Kolmar, Wendy, & Frances Bartkowski, eds., ''Feminist Theory: A Reader'' (Mountain View, Calif.: Mayfield, 2000), & Albert, Judith Clavir, & Stewart Edward Albert, eds., ''The Sixties Papers: Documents of a Rebellious Decade'' (1984).〕 Verso Books published an edition in 2004 with an introduction by feminist philosopher Avital Ronell. Jon Purkis and James Bowen describe the ''SCUM Manifesto'' as a "pamphlet which has become one of the longest surviving perennials of anarchist publishing".〔Purkis, Jon, & James Bowen, ''Twenty-first Century Anarchism: Unorthodox Ideas for a New Millennium'' (London & Herndon, Va.: Cassell 1997 (ISBN 978-0304337422)), p. 93.〕 Solanas's sister, Judith A. Solanas Martinez, is the reported copyright holder of the ''SCUM Manifesto'' by 1997 renewal.〔Jansen, Sharon L., ''Reading Women's Worlds from Christine de Pizan to Doris Lessing'', ''op. cit.'', p. 141.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「SCUM Manifesto」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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